[1] A sidebar to the article "The permanent war," by Michael Fitzgerald in the Mar/Apr/05 issue of Utne magazine says that more than 7.5 million Americans make their living from war and preparations for war. The sidebar cites the Center for Defense Information Military Almanac 2001-2002 and Department of Defense Directorate for Information Operations and Reports as the source of the information. The article was reprinted from The Humanist, Nov/Dec/04.

[2] Kate Connally, "German job seekers see how low they can go," National Post, May 20/05, pg A18 describes a German website on which unemployed people can bid on available jobs, with the understanding that the low bidder will get the work.

[3] "Day Five: Adman says $50,000 funneled to PQ," National Post, Apr 8/05, pg A8.

[4] Susan Delacourt, "Women conspicuously absent from scandal,"Toronto Star, Apr 14/05, pg A1.

[5] Dalton McGuinty, "Ontario's $23-billion gap," National Post, Feb 17/05, pg A20.

[6] Some of the uses of infrastructure grants are listed in Hansard, Fri Nov 25/94, question 81 by Ed Harper, Reform MP for Simcoe Centre.

[7] Michael Bliss, Northern Enterprise McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1987, pg 218.

[8] The Canadian Encyclopedia, Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, 1988, pg 547.

[9] I first learned about the Saskatchewan River steamers when I found a photograph of a 300-foot ship sailing past the McDonald Hotel, in the Edmonton City archives. The wreck of the City of Medicine Hat is chronicled on pp 188-192 of the book Fire Canoe, by Theodore Barris, (McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1977) and on pg 112 of Sternwheelers and Sidewheelers by Dr. Peter Charlebois, (NC Press Ltd., Toronto, 1978). I haven't checked recently but a few years ago the remains of the steamers burned in the 1923 fire were still visible, at low water, just to the east of the south side of the 5th Street bridge.

[10] Mary Nemeth and Don MacGillivray, "Storming the border," Maclean's Dec 18/95, pp 34-35. See also "Prairie Rebels. Ottawa cracks down on wheat smugglers," by Tom Fennell, Macleans Oct 10/94, pg 15.

[11] Michael Bliss, Northern Enterprise, McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1987, pg 194.

[12] Bond-Blaine treaty, 1890-91, Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland Book Publishers Ltd., St John's, 1967.

[13] Personal information from a friend who consults on personnel management to the federal and a provincial government. Because my friend depends on government contracts for his living, he shall be nameless.

[14] Jennifer Robinson, "Ottawa's record of hiring Quebec Anglos is shameful," The Gazette Montreal, Jan 14, 2000.

[15] Dalton McGuinty, "Ontario's $23-billion gap," National Post, Feb 17/05, pg A20.

[16] Canadian Press news story "Language cops pounce on cards in English only" printed in the Toronto Star on June 20/97, final edition, pg A13.

[17] "Tension high in land dispute," Canadian News Facts, vol 24, 1990 pg 4216. See also "Army moves on barricades, pg 4232 and 78-day standoff over, pg 4253.