[1] Jacques Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes, Alfred A Knopf, NY, 1965, trans by Konrad Kellen and Jean Lerner, pg 109.
[2] By this standard, of course, almost any newspaper article could be classified as propaganda. As we will see, that would not be completely unfair.
[3] Jaques Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes, Alfred A Knopf, NY, 1965, trans by Konrad Kellen and Jean Lerner. pg vi.
[4] Jacques Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes, Alfred A Knopf, NY, 1965, trans by Konrad Kellen and Jean Lerner, pg 109-110.
[5] Jacques Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes, 1965, pg 111.
[6] Jacques Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes, pg 166.
[7] Jacques Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes, 1965, pg 87.
[8] David Korten, When Corporations Rule the World, Kumarian Press and Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1995, pg 146.
[9] Brian Mullen, et al, "Newscasters' facial expressions and voting behavior, can a smile elect a president?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, vol 51 no 2, pp 291-295.
[10] Simpson was arrested on June 17/94 and acquitted Oct 3/95. His trial was the lead story on US TV news and most newspapers for several months. I found the dates of the arrest and acquittal in Encyclopaedia Britannica CD 98, listed under Simpson, O.J.
[11] John Zaller, Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion pg 1.
[12] Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion, 1922, The Macmillan Co, reprint by Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1988, pg 153.
[13] I concede that the people who seem to control society follow their own programs, but that may be an illusion. If a system reflects the personality of a leader we may assume that the leader has changed the system, but it could well be that the leader was appointed, elected or allowed to take power because his personality matched the needs or the tone of the system at that time.
[14] What a reporter writes on the job need not be what he really believes. The only hard-line Communist recruiting meeting I have attended was conducted by a reporter for a very-respectable conservative -- even right-wing -- newspaper. After the meeting he told me "the red flag is coming down the street, and if you don't get behind it you will be trampled.
[15] Ben Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, Beacon Press, Boston, 1983, pg 4.
[16] Russell Braddon, Roy Thomson of Fleet Street, Collins, London, Toronto, 1965, pg 148.
[17] Ben Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, Beacon Press, Boston, 1983, pg 10.
[18] Ben Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, Beacon Press, Boston, 1983, pg 4.
[19] Heather Scoffield "CRTC okays newsroom convergence" The Globe and Mail 08/03/01, Metro edition, pg B1. See also Susan Pigg, "CRTC okays merged newsrooms --- But management of newspaper and TV operations must be separate," Toronto Star 08/03/01, pg A3.
[20] "Their master's voice," Globe and Mail Dec 10/01, pg A18.
[21] Noam Chomsky, Pirates and Emperors, Old and New, Between the Lines, Toronto, 2002, pg 19.
[22] Paul Radin, The World of Primitive Man, Grove Press, NY, 1960, c1953, pg 11. Quoted earlier in this book.
[25] Jacques Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes, pg 172.
[26] Vance Packard, Nation of Strangers, originally published by David McKay, in New York. I refer to pg 181 of the Pocket Book edition, published in 1973.
[27] Gustav Le Bon, The Crowd, London, 1896, (1953 printing) pg 68.
[28] Ellul, Propaganda, the Formation of Men's Attitudes pg 67.
[29] Dr. Elizabeth Loftus and Katherine Ketcham, The myth of Repressed Memory, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1994, pp 97-99.
[30] Dr. Elizabeth Loftus and Katherine Ketcham, The Myth of Repressed Memory, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1994, pg 93.
[31] Daniel Goleman, Amnesia to Confabulation -- New Research on Memory," The San Francisco Chronicle, 05/31/1994, final, pg A7.
[32] Johann Wolfgang Goethe, The Sorrows of Young Werther, trans by Harry Steinhauer, Norton, NY, 1970.
[33] D.P. Phillips, "The influence of suggestion on suicide, substantive and theoretical implication of the Werther effect." American Sociological Review, 39:340-354, 1974.
[34] D.P. Phillips, "Suicide, motor vehicle fatalities and the mass media," American Journal of Sociology vol 84, no 5, pp 1150-1174, 1974.
[35] Aanatol Rapoport, The Origins of Violence," Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick NJ, 1995/97, pp 39-41.
[36] Leonard Berkowitz, (1964), "The effects of viewing violence," Scientific American, Vol 210 no 2, 35-40, see also Berkowitz and Geen, R. (1966) "Film violence and the cue property of target," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, No 3, 525-530 and Berkowitz and Rawlings, E. (1963) "Effects of film violence on inhibition against subsequent aggression," Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology Vol 66, No 5, 405-412.
[37] Vance Packard, Hidden Persuaders, Washington Square Press, revised ed, 1981.
[38] Wilson Bryan Key, Subliminal Seduction, paperback, New American Library, 1974.
[39] Wilson Bryan Key, The Clam Plate Orgy, paperback, New American Library, 1981.
[40] Wilson Bryan Key, Subliminal Seduction, paperback, New American Library, New York, 1974, pg 22.
[41] N.F. Dixon, Subliminal Perception, the Nature of the Controversy, McGraw Hill, London, 1971), pp 3-4.
[42] "Rats in ad dog Bush" The Globe and Mail, Sept 13/00, Metro edition, pg 3.
[43] Wilson Bryan Key, Subliminal Seduction, paperback, New American Library, New York, 1974, pg 23.
[44] Edward L. Bernays, Propaganda, Kennikat Press, Port Washington, NY, 1928. pg 9-10.
[45] Stuart Ewen, Captains of Consciousness, McGraw Hill, NY, 1976, pg 83.
[46] John B. Watson, Psychological Care of Infant and Child, Norton, NY, 1928, quoted by Ornstein, Robert and Sobel, David, Healthy Pleasures, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Inc, Reading MA, 1989, pg 41.
[47] Filene, Edward , Successful Living in the Machine Age, 1931, pg 96, quoted by Stuart Ewen in Captains of Consciousness pg 82-83.
[48] Stuart Ewen, Captains of Consciousness, McGraw Hill, NY, 1976, pg 147.
[49] Konrad Lorenz, Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins, translation by Marjorie Latzke published in London by Methuen & Co. Ltd, 1974, pg 48.
[50] Vance Packard, A Nation of Strangers, David McKay, New York, 1972, pg 19.
[51] Paul Ehrlich, The Population Bomb, Ballantine Books, New York, 1968, prologue.
[52] Paul Ehrlich, The Population Bomb, Ballantine Books, New York, 1968, pp 18-19.
[53] Canadian Economic Observer, Sept/98, lists changes in real annual earnings of Canadians, by decile, from 1981 to 1995. Eight of the ten deciles show losses. The lowest decile showed the biggest loss (11.4%) and the highest decile showed the only significant gain (5.5%).
According to a study by the Center for Social Justice, reported by Elaine Carey in "Booms don't help the poor, study finds," Toronto Star, Oct 30, 2001, pg A2, the poorest 10% of Canadian families lost an average of 86% of earned income before government transfers during the recession from 1986 to 1993 while the top 10% lost only 9%. That was no surprise but the report also found that during the 'boom' from 1994 - 98, while the income of the richest families increased by an average of $11,301, the poorest 10% lost an average of $690 after taxes and transfers.
[54] "Viewpoint, should you stay home with your baby?" Young Children vol 37 #1, Nov/81. The paragraph quoted is from the end of the article, on pg 14.
[55] I found this quote at cnet.unb.ca/orgs/prevention_cruelty/white.htm several years ago. In a phone conversation since then Dr. White told me the site is still there, but my ISP can't find it now. In general, Dr. White's views are well known and have been quoted in literally hundreds of references on the internet. He has also published his views in several academic and popular books.
[56] Marian Blum, The Day Care Dilemma, D C Heath & Co, Lexington, Mass, 1983, pg 18.
[57] Selma Fraiberg, Every Child's Birthright, Basic Books Inc. NY, 1977, pp 43-51.
[58] Jay Belsky, The Effects of Infant Day Care Reconsidered, US Department of Education, Office of Education Research and Improvement, Washington, 1988, Pg 30, 32, 33. See also Fredelle Maynard, The Child Care Crisis, Penguin Books Canada, Markham, 1985, pg 119. See also Friscolanti, Michael, "Charges of liar greet key daycare study," National Post, May 7/01, pg A1.
[59] Robert Ardrey reports an excellent example of this on pp 124-129 of The Social Contract, Dell Paperback, New York, 1970. Biologists in Japan found that only a few hours after the alphas of one troop of Japanese monkeys learned to eat wheat, the whole band would eat wheat. In another band low-status monkeys were the first to eat caramels and, 18 months later, only 51% of the band would eat caramels. In On Aggression, Konrad Lorenz cites experiments by Robert M. Yerkes that found that chimpanzees learn by imitation, but they learn only from high ranking chimpanzees.
[60] Konrad Lorenz Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, translated by Robert Martin, Harvard University Press, 1970, vol 1 pg 80-81.
[61] Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, 1932, Bantam Classic edition, 27th printing, 1962. The government hatchery is described in the first chapter.
[62] Martin Daly and Margo Wilson, Homicide, Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY, 1988, pp 88-89.
[63] Phillip Walker, "Is the battered child syndrome a modern phenomenon?" Proceedings of the Xth European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association. See also "Battered Children," Time magazine, Aug 25/95, pg 35.
[64] This problem is the theme of a selection of essays by Ivan Illich; Irving Kenneth Zola; John McKnight; Jonathan Caplan and Harley Shaiken, published as the book Disabling Professions by Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd., London, 1977.