[1] CPR pork barrel, Bliss, Michael, Northern Enterprise, 218.
[2] Origins of crow rate, The Canadian Encyclopedia, Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, 1988, p 547.
[3] I first learned about the Saskatchewan River boats when I found a photograph of a 300-foot steamship sailing past the McDonald Hotel, in the Edmonton City Archives. the wreck of the City of Medicine Hat is chronicled on pages 188-192 of the book Fire Canoe, by Theodore Barris, (McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1977) and on p 112 of Sternwheelers and Sidewheelers by Dr. Peter Charlebois, (NC Press Ltd., Toronto, 1978). I haven't checked recently but a few years ago the remains of the steamers burned in the 1923 fire were still visible, at low water, just to the east of the south side of the 5th Street bridge.
[4] Bliss, Michael, Northern Enterprise, 194.
[5] Bond-Blaine treaty, 1890-91 Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland Book Publishers Ltd., St John's, 1967.
[6] Across Canada Francophones make up 25% of the population but hold 30% of federal government jobs. In Quebec, Anglophones make up about 10% of the population but hold only 5.4% of federal government jobs. In most provinces Francophones hold a higher percentage of provincial government jobs than the percentage of Francophones in the provincial population, but in Quebec there are virtually no Anglophone provincial civil servants. ref Jennifer Robinson, "Ottawa's record of hiring Quebec Anglos is shameful," The Gazette Montreal, Jan 14, 2000.
[7] Trade barriers between Canadian provinces have been reported by the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, now called the Alliance of Manufacturers and Exporters Canada. In April of 1991 the Canadian Manufacturers' Association reported on the trade barriers of the time in a paper Canada 1993, a plan for the creation of a single economic market in Canada by Todd Rutley, senior economist of the CMA.
[8] Canadian Press news story, printed in the Toronto Star on June 20/97.
[9] Gairdiner, Wm D The Trouble with Canada, p 415.